DNA Report From The Smithsonian On The First Americans Links Amazon Groups to Indigenous Australians
7:57 PMA report from the Smithsonian Institute basically says the 1st Americans
looked more like Australian Aborigines which challenges conventional
thinking that the original Native Americans crossed the Bering Strait
land bridge. This shouldn't be anything new I mean look through this site and read the descriptions of the dark-skinned, curly haired natives that the European explorers encountered when coming here.
Brazil's Surui people, like the man pictured above, share ancestry with indigenous Australians, new evidence suggests.
(PAULO WHITAKER/Reuters/Corbis)
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The Smithsonian has even more damaging evidence of the Moors who lived in America pre-Columbus hidden in its vaults. They would rather say that the giant heads left by the Olmecs which obviously had African features were depictions of jaguar men than admit that there were African-looking people living in the Americas. They might even be able to get away with this if the Olmec figures didn't also have African-styled cornroll braids on their heads.
Here's the article below:
A DNA Search for the First Americans Links Amazon Groups to Indigenous Australians
The new genetic analysis takes aim at the theory that just one founding group settled the Americas
smithsonian.com
More than 15,000 years ago, humans
began crossing a land bridge called Beringia that connected their native
home in Eurasia to modern-day Alaska. Who knows what the journey
entailed or what motivated them to leave, but once they arrived, they
spread southward across the Americas.
The prevailing theory is that the first Americans arrived in a
single wave, and all Native American populations today descend from this
one group of adventurous founders. But now there’s a kink in that
theory. The latest genetic analyses back up skeletal studies suggesting
that some groups in the Amazon share a common ancestor with indigenous
Australians and New Guineans. The find hints at the possibility that not
one but two groups migrated across these continents to give rise to the
first Americans.
“Our results suggest this working model that we had is not correct. There’s another early population that founded modern Native American populations,” says study coauthor David Reich, a geneticist at Harvard University.
The origin of the first Americans has been hotly debated for
decades, and the questions of how many migratory groups crossed the land
bridge, as well as how people dispersed after the crossing, continue to
spark controversy. In 2008, a team studying DNA from 10,800-year-old poop
concluded that a group of ancient humans in Oregon has ancestral ties
to modern Native Americans. And in 2014, genetic analysis linked a 12,000-year-old skeleton found in an underwater cave in Mexico to modern Native Americans.
Genetic studies have since connected both these ancient and modern humans to ancestral populations in Eurasia, adding to the case that a single migratory surge produced the first human settlers in the Americas. Aleutian Islanders are a notable exception. They descend from a smaller second influx of Eurasians 6,000 years ago that bear a stronger resemblance to modern populations, and some Canadian tribes have been linked to a third wave.
Reich’s group had also previously found genetic evidence for a single founding migration. But while sifting through genomes from cultures in Central and South America, Pontus Skoglund, a researcher in Reich’s lab, noticed that the Suruí and Karitiana people of the Amazon had stronger ties to indigenous groups in Australasia—Australians, New Guineans and Andaman Islanders—than to Eurasians.
Other analyses haven’t looked at Amazonian populations in depth, and genetic samples are hard to come by. So the Harvard lab teamed up with researchers in Brazil to collect more samples from Amazonian groups to investigate the matter. Together they scrutinized the genomes of 30 Native American groups in Central and South America. Using four statistical strategies, they compared the genomes to each other and to those of 197 populations from around the world. The signal persisted. Three Amazonian groups—Suruí, Karitiana and Xavante—all had more in common with Australasians than any group in Siberia.
The DNA that links these groups had to come from somewhere. Because the groups have about as much in common with Australians as they do with New Guineans, the researchers think that they all share a common ancestor that lived tens of thousands of years ago in Asia but that doesn’t otherwise persist today. One branch of this family tree moved north to Siberia, while the other spread south to New Guinea and Australia. The northern branch likely migrated across the land bridge in a separate surge from the Eurasian founders. The researchers have dubbed this hypothetical second group “Population y” for ypykuéra, or “ancestor” in Tupi, a language spoken by the Suruí and Karitiana.
When exactly Population y arrived in the Americans remains unclear—before, after or simultaneously with the first wave of Eurasians are all possibilities. Reich and his colleagues suspect the line is fairly old, and at some point along the way, Population y probably mixed with the lineage of Eurasian settlers. Amazonian tribes remain isolated from many other South American groups, so that’s probably why the signal remains strong in their DNA.
The results line up with studies of ancient skulls unearthed in Brazil and Colombia that bear stronger resemblance to those of Australasians than the skulls of other Native Americans. Based on the skeletal remains, some anthropologists had previously pointed to more than one founding group, but others had brushed off the similarities as a byproduct of these groups living and working in similar environments. Bones can only be measured and interpreted so many ways, while genes usually make a more concrete case.
“The problem so far was that there has never been strong genetic evidence to support this notion,” says Mark Hubbe, an anthropologist at Ohio State University who was not affiliated with the latest study.
But even genetic evidence is subject to skepticism and scrutiny. Cecil Lewis Jr., an anthropological geneticist at the University of Oklahoma, cautions that Amazonian groups are low on genetic diversity and are more susceptible to genetic drift. “This raises very serious questions about the role of chance … in creating this Australasian affinity,” he says.
Another group led by Eske Willerslev and Maanasa Raghavan at the University if Copenhagen reports in Science today that Native Americans descend from just one line that crossed the land bridge no earlier than 23,000 years ago. While they didn’t look at Amazonian groups in-depth, the team did find a weak link between Australasians and some South American populations, which they chalk up to gene flow from Eskimos.
There’s just one problem: Evidence of Population y doesn’t persist in modern Eurasian groups, nor does it seem to show up in other Native Americans. If Aleutian Islanders or their ancestors had somehow mixed with an Australasian group up north or made their way south to the Amazon, they'd leave genetic clues along the way. “It’s not a clear alternative,” argues Reich.
Both studies therefore suggest that the ancestry of the first Americans is a lot more complicated than scientists had envisioned. “There is a greater diversity of Native American founding populations than previously thought,” says Skoglund. “And these founding populations connect indigenous groups in far apart places of the world.”
Source: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/dna-search-first-americans-links-amazon-indigenous-australians-180955976/#a2VZ6avd7ygb1DJk.99
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“Our results suggest this working model that we had is not correct. There’s another early population that founded modern Native American populations,” says study coauthor David Reich, a geneticist at Harvard University.
Genetic studies have since connected both these ancient and modern humans to ancestral populations in Eurasia, adding to the case that a single migratory surge produced the first human settlers in the Americas. Aleutian Islanders are a notable exception. They descend from a smaller second influx of Eurasians 6,000 years ago that bear a stronger resemblance to modern populations, and some Canadian tribes have been linked to a third wave.
Reich’s group had also previously found genetic evidence for a single founding migration. But while sifting through genomes from cultures in Central and South America, Pontus Skoglund, a researcher in Reich’s lab, noticed that the Suruí and Karitiana people of the Amazon had stronger ties to indigenous groups in Australasia—Australians, New Guineans and Andaman Islanders—than to Eurasians.
Other analyses haven’t looked at Amazonian populations in depth, and genetic samples are hard to come by. So the Harvard lab teamed up with researchers in Brazil to collect more samples from Amazonian groups to investigate the matter. Together they scrutinized the genomes of 30 Native American groups in Central and South America. Using four statistical strategies, they compared the genomes to each other and to those of 197 populations from around the world. The signal persisted. Three Amazonian groups—Suruí, Karitiana and Xavante—all had more in common with Australasians than any group in Siberia.
The DNA that links these groups had to come from somewhere. Because the groups have about as much in common with Australians as they do with New Guineans, the researchers think that they all share a common ancestor that lived tens of thousands of years ago in Asia but that doesn’t otherwise persist today. One branch of this family tree moved north to Siberia, while the other spread south to New Guinea and Australia. The northern branch likely migrated across the land bridge in a separate surge from the Eurasian founders. The researchers have dubbed this hypothetical second group “Population y” for ypykuéra, or “ancestor” in Tupi, a language spoken by the Suruí and Karitiana.
When exactly Population y arrived in the Americans remains unclear—before, after or simultaneously with the first wave of Eurasians are all possibilities. Reich and his colleagues suspect the line is fairly old, and at some point along the way, Population y probably mixed with the lineage of Eurasian settlers. Amazonian tribes remain isolated from many other South American groups, so that’s probably why the signal remains strong in their DNA.
The results line up with studies of ancient skulls unearthed in Brazil and Colombia that bear stronger resemblance to those of Australasians than the skulls of other Native Americans. Based on the skeletal remains, some anthropologists had previously pointed to more than one founding group, but others had brushed off the similarities as a byproduct of these groups living and working in similar environments. Bones can only be measured and interpreted so many ways, while genes usually make a more concrete case.
“The problem so far was that there has never been strong genetic evidence to support this notion,” says Mark Hubbe, an anthropologist at Ohio State University who was not affiliated with the latest study.
But even genetic evidence is subject to skepticism and scrutiny. Cecil Lewis Jr., an anthropological geneticist at the University of Oklahoma, cautions that Amazonian groups are low on genetic diversity and are more susceptible to genetic drift. “This raises very serious questions about the role of chance … in creating this Australasian affinity,” he says.
Another group led by Eske Willerslev and Maanasa Raghavan at the University if Copenhagen reports in Science today that Native Americans descend from just one line that crossed the land bridge no earlier than 23,000 years ago. While they didn’t look at Amazonian groups in-depth, the team did find a weak link between Australasians and some South American populations, which they chalk up to gene flow from Eskimos.
There’s just one problem: Evidence of Population y doesn’t persist in modern Eurasian groups, nor does it seem to show up in other Native Americans. If Aleutian Islanders or their ancestors had somehow mixed with an Australasian group up north or made their way south to the Amazon, they'd leave genetic clues along the way. “It’s not a clear alternative,” argues Reich.
Both studies therefore suggest that the ancestry of the first Americans is a lot more complicated than scientists had envisioned. “There is a greater diversity of Native American founding populations than previously thought,” says Skoglund. “And these founding populations connect indigenous groups in far apart places of the world.”
Source: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/dna-search-first-americans-links-amazon-indigenous-australians-180955976/#a2VZ6avd7ygb1DJk.99
5 comments
The principles of the world famous Smithsonian Institute are the "diffusion of knowledge" and the "increase of knowledge". The diffusion appears in the thousands of publications housed at the Washington institution. Smithsonian institution
ReplyDeleteHas there been a comparison made against the Ainu of Japan. Considering, that this group is also fairly closely related to the aboriginals of Australia.
ReplyDeleteThese are not corn roles!!There feathers,feathers,feathers,feathers..Even if they do share genes with aboriginal Australians,,they are not pure Africans,,they mixed with Neanderthal and Eurasians before even reaching Australia,After leaving Africa..
ReplyDeleteYou want them to be feathers they are cornrows with beads...smh
DeleteWOW this is the most ridiculous idea being talked. First off, Aboriginal Australians are not African. DNA can prove this. The ones he came to the Americas mixed in with the local Natives, which have one of the most complex DNAs in the world. The natives of today could be traced back to clovis, olmecs and many other tribes, making them the only original natives. The aboriginal Australians have straight hair, some even blonde and have been isolated in their island for or more 80,000 years, making them a distinct tribe from the world. Last but not least the Olmecs are people who created the statues not the statues themselves, some even look chinese, so talk about those too; there has never been one west african or african bone founded in the americas before columbus. There was trade, yes but never were the original to the americas. There has also been a fruit founded which dates 130,000 years, linking the natives with those fruits. Or at the west coast of California, a foot print was founded, suggesting a new theory of Natives actually coming through the pacific coast on boats. Africans are not moors and especially originals to the Americas, if anything they are furthest choice.
ReplyDelete